Freitag, August 05, 2005

Japantee

the teaside of your life" In Japan wird Gr�ntee zwischen dem 30. und 36. L�ngengrad angebaut. Die Gr�nteeg�rten liegen lediglich in einer H�he von 30 bis 500 Metern, da die Temperatur in h�heren Lagen f�r den Anbau von Gr�ntee zu niedrig ist. Die gesamte Anbaufl�che f�r Gr�ntee betr�gt aus diesem Grund "lediglich" 53.939 ha, auf der 1995 85.391 Tonnen geerntet wurden. Die aromatischsten Gr�ntees, also die besseren Standards wie Sencha Superior und Extrafine, werden in einer H�he von ca. 300 m angebaut. Die Standards Sencha Medium, Extra und Fine wachsen in einer H�he von ca. 150 - 200 m. Um den Gr�ntee sein aussergew�hnliches Aroma entfalten zu lassen, wird er in zwei Produktionsprozessen verfeinert. Nach der Pfl�ckung werden die Gr�ntees von den Kleinpflanzern zu zentralen teeverarbeitenden Fabriken transportiert, wo sie zwei Produktionsprozesse durchlaufen m�ssen: 1. Bei dem Produktionsprozess wird der Gr�ntee zuerst mit heissem Wasserdampf bearbeitet und dann abgek�hlt. Nach der Abk�hlung werden die Gr�nteebl�tter ein erstes Mal gerollt und dann leicht getrocknet. Um den Gr�nteebl�ttern den richtigen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt zu geben, werden sie in speziellen Rollmaschinen bearbeitet, bevor sie nach Wunsch geformt und nochmals gerollt und getrocknet werden. 2. Im zweiten Produktionsprozess wird der Gr�ntee gesiebt, in die gew�nschte Gr�sse geschnitten und wiederum getrocknet, damit der Gr�ntee sein volles Aroma entfalten kann. Zum Abschluss des Produktionsprozesses werden die Gr�ntees, je nach Kundenwunsch, gemischt. Die beste Qualit�t des japanischen Gr�ntees ist der "first flush", welcher von Ende April bis Mitte Mai geerntet wird. Die nachfolgende Pfl�ckung, der "second flush", erzielt ungef�hr 70% des Marktpreises des "first flush". Der ,second flush" wird von Anfang bis Ende Mai gepfl�ckt. Bearbeitungsmethode Eine h�ufig angewandte Methode besteht z.B. darin, in eine ca. 2x1m zylindrische, leicht geneigte Trommel das frisch gepfl�ckte gr�ne Blatt am oberen Ende hineinzugeben, innerhalb der Trommel mit Dampf zu bespr�hen und am anderen, unteren Ende wieder herausfallen zu lassen. Der Dampf wird unter leichtem Druck auf die Bl�tter gespr�ht. Mindestens 2 Minuten Mus das Blatt dem heissen Dampf ausgesetzt sein. Diese Behandlung bewirkt im Blatt, dass die oxydierenden Enzyme inaktiviert werden, die gr�ne Farbe des Blattes erhalten, der Blatteigengeruch unterdr�ckt und obendrein das Blatt elastisch und weich wird, was unbedingt wichtig ist f�r die weitere Behandlung. Das Blatt soll biegsam werden, aber nicht zu weich, damit es beim Rollen nicht v�llig auseinanderbricht. Nach der Behandlung mit Dampf mu� das Blatt nun erkalten, indem man es d�nn in Tr�gen auslegt und durch einen Ventilator k�hlt. Dadurch wird nat�rlich auch erheblich viel Fl�ssigkeit abgezogen. Danach wird der Trocknungsprozess eingeleitet. In einer sich drehenden h�lzernen Trommel wird ca. 55 Grad warme Luft hineingegeben und ca. 30 Minuten werden die gr�nen Bl�tter durch, entgegen zur Trommelrichtung sich drehenden, gabelartige Fl�gel, in die Luft gewirbelt und dabei getrocknet. Hierbei verliert der Gr�ntee ca. 50% seiner Feuchtigkeit und somit seines Gewichtes. So vorbereitet wird das Blattgut in bekannte, herk�mmliche Rollmaschinen gegeben, wo die Bl�tter unter starkem Druck ca. 5 Minuten, 3 Minuten unter leichtem Druck sowie 2 Minuten ohne zus�tzlichen Druck gerollt, bearbeitet werden. Anschliessend werden die Bl�tter mehrmals in einer Holztrommel heisser Luft ausgesetzt, die durch Ventilatoren in die Trommel geblasen wird. Nach ca. 30 Minuten hat das Blatt weitere Feuchtigkeit verloren und ist bereit f�r die weitere Verarbeitung. Beim Heraustreten aus dieser Holztrommel soll das Blatt ca. 45 Grad warm sein. In einem weiteren Arbeitsgang werden dann die Bl�tter dahingehend bearbeitet, dass man diese versucht zu gl�tten und ebenso leicht zu polieren. Es soll vermieden werden, dass die Bl�tter unregelm�ssig gedreht fertig gestellt werden. Diese T�tigkeit wird in einer Maschine durchgef�hrt, die eine Anzahl recht komplizierter Arbeitsg�nge zur gleichen Zeit durchf�hrt. Das gerollte und weitgehend getrocknete Blatt wird gegen eine heisse Platte gedr�ckt und gerieben mit dem Effekt, dass das Blatt flach, weich, ja sogar etwas seidig wird. Die Platte wird entweder elektrisch oder durch Holzkohle auf eine Temperatur von ca. 90 Grad gebracht. In einem besonderen Trockner wird der Gr�ntee anschliessend nochmals 20-25 Minuten bei 60 Grad auf eine Restfeuchtigkeit von 3-4% herabgetrocknet. Sp�ter wird dann der fertige Gr�ntee beim Packen oder Mischen nochmals getrocknet, ggf. mit anderen Produktionen gemischt, Holzteile und Fibrest�cke herausgenommen, gesiebt, geschnitten und sortiert."

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